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2010职称英语常考从句解析之状语从句

来源:人民网
2009年11月13日13:09
  状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

  新东方在线网络课堂职称英语辅导团队根据多年辅导经验,将状语从句的类别、用法、考点等归集如下,以帮忙职称英语考生对状语从句来重新熟悉并达到熟练运用,达到提高成绩的目的。

  一、考点聚焦

  1、时间状语从句(1)as、when、while用法as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。Shecame up as I wascooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun wentoff.(几乎同时)

  when:(at or during the timethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It wasrainingwhen we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went tothelibrary every day.(在一段时间内)

  while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodof time时,两者可以互换。Please don"t talk so loud while othersareworking.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the ironishot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)

  (2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有:①till, not … until …, until,before,sinceDon"t get off the bus until it has stopped.He waitedfor hisfather until(till)it was twelve o"clock.It will be fiveyearsbefore he returns from England.

  ②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soonasonce表示“一……就”As soon as I have finished it , I"ll give yuacall.Once you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when itbegan to rain.Nosoonerhad he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than shestartedcomplaining.

  ③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就Hemadefor the door directly he heard the knock.

  ④each time, every time, by the timeEach time he came to mycity,he would call on me.注意:表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时。

  3、原因状语从句:because, for, as, since,nowthat(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。Youwantto know why I"m leaving? I"m leaving becauseI"mfull.for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for。如:It"smorningnow, for the birdsaresinging.(很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。)(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反。Seeingallof the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone ishere,let"sstart.”(3)下列情况下只能使用because:①在回答why的问句时;②在用于强调句型时;③被not所否定时。

  4、地点状语从句:where, whereverMake a mark wherever you haveanyquestions.We will go where the Party directs us.

  5、目的状语从句:that, so that, inorderthat注意:目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。

  6、结果状语从句:that, so that, so … that, such … that …注意:so + 形容词/副词+that从句;such + 名词 + that从句。

  8、比较状语从句:than, as

  9、条件状语从句:if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as,oncondition that.注意if与unless的区别:不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有… unless…,andunless … 。但if … not and if … not却不受此限。You won"t lose yourweightunless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)但可以说 …unlessyou eat less and exercise more.

  10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象(1)连接词 + 过去分词Don"t speak until spokento.Pressurecan be incrased when needed.Unless repaired, thewashing machine isno use.(2)连词 + 现在分词Look out while crossing thestreet.(3)连词 +形容词/其他常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、ifany等。

  二、精典名题导解

  选择填空1. I don"t think I"ll need any money but I"ll bringsome____________.

  A.as last

  B.in case

  C.once again

  D.in time解析:答案为B。句意为“带些钱以防万一”,只能选择in case。引导的条件状语从句,后面省略了Ishouldneed it。

  2. The WTO can"t live up to its name _________ it doesn"tincludea country that is home to one fifth of man-kind.

  A.as long as

  B.while

  C.if

  D.eventhough解析:答案为C。本题考查状语从句的用法。句意为“假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话,那它就名不副实”。aslongas语气过于强烈,while和even though不符合句意。

  3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but theyhungup_________I could answer the phone.

  A.as

  B.since

  C.before

  D.until解析:答案为C。题意为:半夜里有人打来电话,我没来得及就挂了。but暗示在接话前就挂了。 (来源:人民网-教育频道)
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