商务副部长华尔街日报发文:中美贸易是双赢博弈

　　3月24日，中国商务部副部长钟山访美期间，美国《华尔街日报》评论版刊登了钟山的署名文章《U.S.-ChinaTrade IsWin-WinGame》，全文如下：

　　U.S.-China Trade IsWin-WinGame

　　By Zhong Shan

　　A sound and stable China-U.S. economic andtraderelationship is more important than ever.

　　China-U.S. trade and economic cooperationhasgenerated huge and real benefits for the United States, whileChinahas been gaining a lot from it as well. In 2009 China jumpedtobecome the third biggest market for U.S. exports.Americancompanies have cumulatively invested over $62.2 billion in58,000projects in China and reaped bumper harvests. Their profitsinChina amounted to nearly $8 billion in 2008 alone.

　　Since the outbreak of the internationalfinancialcrisis, China has been supporting the efforts of theAmericanpeople to tackle the crisis. On the one hand, China hasincreasedimports from the U.S. While overall U.S. exports dropped17.9% in2009, exports to China hardly decreased. Many U.S.manufacturingfirms have found comfort in the Chinese market as ashelter againstthe global financial storm.

　　On the other hand, goodvalue-for-money,labor-intensive goods imported from China havehelped keep the costof living down for Americans even when theybecome increasinglycash-strapped. Without consumer goods fromChina, the U.S. priceindex would go up an extra two percentagepoints every year.

　　How should we approach the trade deficit, aheatedtopic in the China-U.S. trade and economic relationship andan issueclosely tied to many others?

　　To start with, Chinese and U.S. interestsinbilateral trade are roughly balanced. China-U.S. trade andeconomicrelations include services and investment as well as goods.From2004 to 2008, the U.S. surplus in services with China grew byaphenomenal 35.4% annually, dwarfing the growth in China"ssurplusin goods with the U.S.

　　In 2008, the total sales of American goods intheChinese market, including goods exported from the U.S. toChina,amounted to $224.7 billion, close to the value of goodsChinaexported to the U.S. in 2008, which stood at $252.3. Thetwocountries were almost balanced in terms of sales afteradjustmentfor value-adding freight and insurance fees.

　　Next, the renminbi exchange rate is not the keytoaddressing China-U.S. trade imbalance. From 2005 to 2008,therenminbi appreciated by 21% against the dollar but China"stradesurplus with the U.S. increased by 20.8% annually. Since2009 therenminbi exchange rate has remained basically stable, butChina"ssurplus with the U.S. has fallen by 16.1%.

　　Globally speaking, this is not anexceptionalcase. In 2009 the dollar depreciated against the euro,the Japaneseyen and the South Korea won, which did not bring aboutfundamentalchanges in the trade between the U.S. and thesecountries. As amatter of fact, only a basically stable renminbi anddollar areconducive to the overall interest of theinternationalcommunity.

　　Finally, China always upholds and seeksbalancedtrade. The U.S. should vigorously expand exports to China.Onlybalanced China-U.S. trade could bring about sustaineddevelopment,mutual benefits, and a win-win relationship. Theachievement ofthis goal rests not with restricting China"s exportsto the U.S.but with increasing U.S. exports to China. We hope thatthe U.S.,while implementing its strategy to boost exports, canscrap theCold War mentality, relax its export control againstChina, andexpand the export of competitive products to China.

　　Where should China-U.S. trade andeconomicrelations go from here?

　　First, we should refrain frompoliticizingeconomic and trade issues. We should vigorously opposetradeprotectionism, and give full play to the platforms oftheChina-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue and the JointCommissionon Commerce and Trade. We hope that the U.S. canrecognize China"smarket-economy status as soon as possible andincludeexport-controls revision in the priority action plan of theU.S.National Export Initiative.

　　Second, we should expand the convergence ofourinterests in economic and trade cooperation. The two economiesarehighly complementary with huge potentials. At present, botharerestructuring their industries and therefore theirgrowthpotential. We should give full play to our respectiveadvantages incapital, technology and markets, and actively explorecooperationin trade in services, low-carbon economy andhigh-techproducts.

　　Third, we should enhance trade andinvestmentfacilitation. The Chinese government will adhere to theopening-uppolicy as one of its basic state policies, andcontinuously improvepolicy transparency and trade and investmentfacilitation.

　　The government protects the legitimate rightsandinterests of foreign investors in accordance with laws. Wehopethat the U.S. will ease irrational restrictions onChinesecompanies" investment in the U.S., and facilitate themovement ofbusinesspeople between the two countries.

　　Fourth, we should promote the multilateraltradingsystem. China and the U.S. should jointly push for asubstantiveprogress in the Doha Round talks, and lock in theagreed outcomesfrom previous negotiations.

　　As Wen Jiabao, the Chinese premier,recentlyreiterated, it is always better to have a dialogue thanaconfrontation, cooperation than containment, and a partnershipthana rivalry. As long as we approach the China-U.S.commercialrelationship in a responsible manner we will definitelybe able tomake it more stable and sound.

　　Mr. Zhong is vice minister of commerce ofthePeople"s Republic of China.

　　译文如下：

　　中美贸易是双赢博弈

　　中国商务部副部长钟山

　　健康稳定的中美经贸关系符合两国根本利益。中国受益于中美经贸合作，而中美经贸合作给美国带来的利益也是巨大而实在的。2009年，中国已成为美国第3大出口市场，美国对华投资项目累计5.8万个，实际投入金额622亿美元。在华美资收益颇丰，2008年实现利润总额近80亿美元。

　　金融危机爆发以来，中国用实际行动支持了美国抗击金融危机。一方面，中国努力扩大自美进口。2009年美国出口下降17.9%，但对中国出口几乎没有下降。中国市场成为许多美国制造业企业在金融危机中的避风港。

　　另一方面，自中国进口价廉物美的产品，使美国民众依然保持较低的生活成本。如果没有中国消费品，美国物价指数每年会上涨2个百分点。

　　贸易不平衡是中美经贸关系中的一大热点，也与其他许多问题密切相关，应该如何看待这个问题？

　　首先，中美贸易的总体利益是基本平衡的。中美经贸关系不仅限于货物贸易，还包括服务贸易与投资。2004-2008年美对华服务贸易顺差年均增长35.4%，远高于同期中国对美货物贸易顺差增幅。2008年，美资企业在华销售额与美对华出口额相加，达到2247亿美元，当年中国对美出口额2523亿美元，扣除运费、保险等增值因素，两国在对方市场的销售额接近平衡。

　　第二，人民币汇率不是解决中美货物贸易不平衡的关键。2005-2008年人民币兑美元升值21%，中国对美贸易顺差年均增长20.8%；2009年以来人民币汇率基本稳定，中国对美贸易顺差下降16.1%。

　　世界范围看也是如此，2009年美元对欧元、日元、韩元等都有贬值，但美国对这些国家的贸易状况并没有发生逆转。事实上，人民币与美元都保持基本稳定才能符合包括中美在内的世界各国的利益。

　　第三，中国始终主张并力求平衡的贸易，希望美国积极扩大对中国的出口。惟有平衡的中美贸易，才有持续的发展，才能实现互利共赢。实现这一目标，不能靠限制中国对美出口，而要靠扩大美国对华出口。希望美国在实施扩大出口战略的过程中，摒弃冷战思维，放宽对华出口管制，扩大优势产品对华出口。

　　中美经贸关系该向何处去？

　　一是避免经贸问题政治化。积极落实双方元首在经贸领域达成的重要共识。共同反对贸易保护主义。充分发挥中美战略与经济对话、中美商贸联委会的平台作用。希望美方尽快承认中国市场经济地位，将放松对华出口限制纳入美国国家出口倡议的优先行动方案中。

　　二是扩大经贸合作契合点。中美两国经济互补性强、潜力巨大。当前，两国都在调整产业结构，应充分发挥各自在资金、技术、市场等方面的优势，积极拓展在服务贸易、低碳经济、高新技术产品等领域的合作。

　　三是推进贸易投资便利化。中国政府坚持对外开放的基本国策，不断提高政策透明度和贸易投资便利化水平。

　　中国政府依法保护外国投资者在华的合法权益。希望美国放宽对中国企业在美投资的不合理限制，并为商务人员往来提供更多便利。

　　四是应推动多边贸易体制的发展。中美应共同推动WTO多哈回合谈判迈出实质性步伐，锁定已有成果。

　　中国总理温家宝最近再次强调，中美之间对话比对抗好，合作比遏制好，伙伴比对手好。我相信，只要我们抱着负责任的态度就一定能够推动中美经贸关系稳定健康的发展。