陈竺部长发表“中国卫生外交”署名文章

　　2012年5月，卫生部部长陈竺应瑞士日内瓦高等研究院邀请，在《全球卫生2012》特刊上发表《中国卫生外交》一文，阐述了中国的卫生外交政策，以及中国对全球卫生的立场与展望。文章中、英文全文如下：

　　
　　人类进入21世纪，全球化进程达到前所未有的深度和广度，对卫生产生了深远的影响。卫生无处不再，无时不有，在全球舞台上的战略意义日益凸显。卫生进入了全球发展议程，成为千年发展目标的核心；超越国界的疾病威胁全球人民的健康，成为重要的非传统安全问题；国民健康是生产力的源泉，投资健康就是促进经济增长；卫生关系社会公正，消除健康不公平，国际社会义不容辞；卫生体现国家软实力，是外交政策的组成部分。今天的卫生部长，不仅要从生物医学角度保护本国公民健康，更要以广阔的视角和全球的高度，来审视公共卫生问题。他（她）肩负双重责任：既要致力于保障本国人民的健康，也要为改善全球的健康做出贡献。

　　实现卫生发展和维护卫生安全是全球卫生的两大重点任务。2012年，全球进入千年发展目标期限倒计时后期，我们不容乐观地看到，卫生相关的千年目标的实现依然任重道远。实现目标最困难的国家是最需要全球协同努力给予帮助的国家。近十年来，非典、禽流感、甲流感等新发传染病接踵而来，说明不能放松对卫生安全威胁的警戒。在日益相互依存的世界中，任何国家都不能独善其身。维护国家和全球的卫生安全，必须采取集体的协同行动。我高兴地看到，作为全球卫生外交舞台，2012年第65届世界卫生大会将卫生发展和卫生安全列为重点讨论的议题。我相信，大会定能取得丰硕成果。

　　在卫生发展领域开展国际合作是中国卫生外交政策的重要组成部分。作为发展中大国，中国始终不渝地把支持非洲等广大发展中国家的卫生事业视为己任。中国的卫生发展合作包括派遣医疗队、建设医院、设立疟疾防治中心、培训卫生技术和管理人员、提供药品和医疗物资，也包括支持国际组织如世界卫生组织、联合国艾滋病规划署等联合国机构，以及全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金等全球卫生新倡议，为改善全球卫生状况做出了积极贡献。新中国成立60多年来，在加强卫生系统建设、改善人民健康方面取得了可喜的成就，与卫生相关的千年目标已经实现或可望实现。我们愿意和世界各国分享交流在卫生发展方面的经验。

　　从中国卫生外交的实践中，我认为：

　　一、全球卫生外交应尊重国际法准则，注重因时因地制宜。各国发展水平不同，面临的卫生问题和挑战不尽相同；既要加强国际合作与协调，也要充分考虑各国实际情况和不同关切，照顾各方接受程度；既要着力应对当前紧迫的卫生问题，也要着眼长远，加强能力建设，遵循平衡原则。

　　二、全球卫生外交应加强统筹协调。卫生问题与贫困、就业、教育、贸易、气候变化、知识产权等问题密切相关。各国和国际组织制订相关政策和规则时，需要有全局观念，通盘考虑相关因素与公共卫生之间的相互影响。卫生问题涉及一国多个政府部门和机构，有效开展卫生外交，需要建立高效的国内协调机制。国际卫生机构众多，需要加强沟通协调，充分调动各方资源。中国支持世界卫生组织通过改革，在国际公共卫生领域发挥领导和协调作用，期待全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金等其它组织的改革，共同构筑协调、高效、透明和问责的全球卫生治理框架。

　　三、全球卫生外交应注重实效。当前国际金融危机的深层次影响尚未消退，各国特别是发展中国家的卫生事业带来了许多不利因素。确保对全球卫生的投入，推动如期实现与卫生相关的千年发展目标，是全球卫生外交当前及今后一个时期的工作重点。发达国家应尽快切实兑现国际承诺，在技术转让、促进药品可及性和可负担性、向发展中国家给予更多支持和援助。发展中国家应强化自身卫生体系建设，加大财政投入，协调各方资源，并加强南南合作。

　　建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界，增进中国人民与世界各国人民的了解和友谊，是中国和平外交的使命，也是中国卫生外交的重要职责。中国卫生外交将继续开展南南合作、南北合作，加强自身能力建设，逐步完善中国的全球卫生战略。我们将不断总结中国医药卫生体制改革和发展的经验，与国际社会分享，积极参与全球卫生事务，与各方共同携手，为全球健康改善做出努力。

　　China"s Health Diplomacy: sharing experience and expertise
　　In the 21st century, globalization has achieved unprecedented depth and breadth, exerting a profound influence on health. Health exists at every moment and everywhere. Its strategic relevance is increasingly highlighted in the global arena. Health has entered into the global development agenda and lies at the core of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Diseases that transcend national boundaries threaten people"s lives and have become important non-conventional security issues. Since a healthy population is the source of productivity, investing in health boosts economic growth. Health bears on social equity and it is the responsibility of the international community to eliminate health inequity. As a component of a country"s diplomatic policies, health reflects that country"s soft power. Today, a health minister should not only protect national health from a biomedical perspective but must also view public health from a broader and global perspective. That person shoulders dual responsibilities: to ensure the health of his or her people and to contribute to the improvement of global health.

　　The two key tasks of global health are to achieve the improvement of health development and safeguarding of health security. The year 2012 brings the target dates of achieving the MDGs ever closer. Yet there is clearly still a long way to go to meet the health-related MDGs. The countries that find it most difficult to achieve the targets are indeed the ones that most urgently need globally coordinated help. In the past decade, emerging infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian influenza and H1N1 influenza have occurred one after another, indicating that no one can ever relax vigilance against health security threats. In a world of growing interdependence, no country can be immune from another"s problems. Protecting national and global health security requires collective and coordinated action. To my great delight, as the global platform of health diplomacy, the 65th World Health Assembly in 2012 has listed global development and health security among the items for key debates. I am confident that the assembly will yield fruitful results.

　　Conducting international cooperation in health development constitutes an important part of China"s policies of health diplomacy. As a major developing country, China has always believed that it is its responsibility to support developing countries, such as those in Africa, in promoting their health. China"s development cooperation for health includes dispatching medical teams, building hospitals, setting up malaria prevention and treatment centers, training health professionals and administrators, and providing medicine and medical supplies. China has also been a strong supporter of international agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS and global health initiatives such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Over the past six decades, since the founding of the new China, the country has made remarkable progress in strengthening health systems and improving health outcomes. The health-related MDGs have already been or are being achieved in China. We are ready to share with other countries our experience in developing health.

　　In the light of China"s health diplomacy practices, I hold the following convictions. First, global health diplomacy should respect the norms of international laws and fully consider specific conditions. Countries are in different stages of development and they face different health problems and challenges.

　　While strengthening international cooperation and coordination, there must be adequate consideration given to the national conditions and different concerns, as well as to the acceptance of the stakeholders. Vigorous efforts shall be made to address pressing health problems. But, at the same time, efforts should also be forward-looking, should strengthen capacity building and follow the principle of balance.

　　Second, global health diplomacy should strengthen coordination. Health is closely linked to issues such as poverty, employment, education, trade, environmental protection, climate change and intellectual property. When formulating relevant policies and rules, countries and international organizations need to review the mutual impacts of the related factors and of public health in a general context. Health engages various government agencies and effective health diplomacy requires highly efficient domestic coordination. With the large number of international organizations that deal with health, it is necessary to strengthen communication and coordination and fully mobilize resources. China supports the WHO reform and wishes to see WHO play a leading role in coordinating international public health. China also looks forward to the reform of organizations such as the Global Fund so that a coordinated, highly efficient, transparent and accountable framework for global health governance can be built.

　　Third, global health diplomacy should focus on real effects. At present, the deep impact of the international financial crisis still haunts the world, bringing unfavorable factors to the health undertaking of all countries, especially developing ones. It remains a priority for global health diplomacy to ensure inputs into global health and to achieve the health-related MDGs as scheduled. Developed countries should honor their international commitments as soon as possible and provide more support and assistance to developing countries in areas such as technology transfer and the promotion of drug accessibility and affordability. Developing countries should enhance their health systems, increase fiscal inputs, coordinate resources and strengthen South-South cooperation.

　　It is the mission of China"s peaceful foreign policy, and an important responsibility of its health diplomacy, to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity with deepened mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese and people around the world. China"s health diplomacy will continue to develop South-South and South-North cooperation, enhance its own capacity building and gradually improve China"s global health strategies. We will constantly review and share our experience gained in health reform and development, actively engage in global health, work hand in hand with all stakeholders and make our contribution to improving global health.