,每天5分钟,突破英语听力障碍!
英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!
★记忆法一:常见 93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、 A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost —cost—cost
cut —cut—cut
hit —hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let —let—let
put —put—put
read —read—read
set —set—set
shut —shut—shut
二、 A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1 过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)
bring —brought—brought
buy — bought—bought
think —thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build —built—built
lend —lent— lent
send —sent—sent
spend —spent— spent
3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
catch —caught—caught
teach —taught—taught
4 把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
keep —kept—kept
sleep —slept—slept
sweep — swept—swept
5 把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell —told—told
sell —sold—sold
6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
smell —smelt—smelt
spell —spelt—spelt
feel —felt— felt
spill —spilt—spilt
7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
learn —learnt—learnt
mean —meant—meant
spoil —spoilt—spoilt
8 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
say —said—said
pay —paid—paid
lay —laid—laid
hear —heard—heard
9 改变元音字母。(11个)
meet —met—met
get —got—got
sit —sat—sat
find — found—found
hold —held—held
spit —spat—spat
shine — shone—shone
win —won—won
hang —hung—hung
dig — dug—dug
lose —lost—lost
10 改变辅音字母。(1个)
make —made—made
11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave —left—left
stand —stood—stood
have (has)— had—had
understand —understood—understood
三、 A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1 i —a—u变化。(6个)
begin —began—begun
drink —drank—drunk
sing — sang—sung
ring —rang—rung
swim —swam—swum
sink — sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow —blew—blown
draw —drew—drawn
grow — grew—grown
know —knew—known
throw —threw—thrown(show除外)
3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive —drove—driven
write —wrote—written
ride — rode—ridden
rise —rose—risen
4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
break —broke—broken
choose —chose—chosen
freeze —froze—frozen
speak —spoke—spoken
wake —woke— woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget —forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be —was(were)—been
eat —ate—eaten
fall —fell—fallen
give —gave—given
see —saw—seen
hide —hid—hidden(hid)
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take —took—taken
mistake —mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do —did—done
fly —flew—flown
go —went—gone
lie —lay—lain
show —showed—shown
wear —wore—worn
四、 A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat —beat—beaten
五、 A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
come —came—come
become —became—become
run — ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。( 4个)
can —could
may —might
will —would
shall —should
★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost /cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母 t结尾的。)
二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat /beat/beaten
三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come /came/come become/became/become run/ran/run
( come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
四、 过去式,过去分词相同:
(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet /met/met feed/fed/fed
(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel /felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep /kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell /spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt
(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch /caught/caught teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy /bought/bought think/thought/thought
(5) 将stand改为stood
stand /stood/stood understand/understood/understood
(6) 将ay改为aid
lay /laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
(7) 将d改为t
lend /lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend /spent/spent build/built/built
(8) 将i改为a , o, u等
sit /sat/sat spit/spat/spat
dig /dug/dug win/won/won
(9) 将ell改为old
tell /told/told sell/sold/sold
(10) 词尾加t
learn /learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream /dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:
learn /learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine /shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang /hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell /smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted
(12) 其它
have (has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot /shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold /held/held get/got/got(AmE gotten)
find /found/found make/made/made
leave /left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow /blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow /grew/grown know/knew/known
throw /threw/thrown
值得注意的是 :
show /showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2) 改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin /began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring /rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim /swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
(3) 改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive /drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise /rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词
drive /drove/driven rise/rose/risen eat/ate/eaten
give /gave/given fall/fell/fallen
(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break /broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze /froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal /stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take /took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6) 其它
be /was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten
go /went/gone hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear /wore/worn
六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake /woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked
sink /sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine 、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone /shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
hung /hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie 躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay 放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1) come /came/come来—— go/went/gone去
(2) give /gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得
(3) sleep /slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)
或 wake/waked/waked 醒来
(4) rise /rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink /sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉
(5) buy /bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖
(6) take /took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来
(7) teach /taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或 learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8) lose /lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win /won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9) stand /stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10) send /sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1) beat /beat/beaten 打, 打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2) understand /understood/understood 懂, 了解
know /knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识
(3) get /got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得
become /became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go /went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4) spend /spent/spent 花费、度过
pay /paid/paid 支付、交纳
cost /cost/cost花费、价值为
take /took/taken花费
(5) say /said/said说、讲
speak /spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell /told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk /talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
★记忆法三:
1 .无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let →let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
(shed →shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)
2 .元音字母的变化。
i →a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank
i →o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,
(strive →strove arise→arose)
i →ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)
a →oo: take→took, shake→shook
e →o: get→got, forget→forgot
o →a: come→came, become→became
oo →o: shoot→shot, choose→chose
3 .元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y →ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew
4 .元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
(1) sell →sold, tell→told, retell→retold
(2) say →said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid
(3) sweep →swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept
(4) bring →brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought
(5) catch →caught, teach→taught
(6) can →could, will→would, shall→should
5 .辅音字母变化。
(1)build →built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent
(2)make →made, have→had, hear→heard
(3)mean →meant, learn→learnt返回搜狐,查看更多
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