中英对照：抗疟药栓剂为患者“争取时间”(图)

栓剂可以为疟疾患者提供快速起效的治疗

　　Suppositoriescanprovidefast-actingtreatmentformalariapatients

　　抗疟药栓剂为患者“争取时间”

　　Antimalarial suppositories "buy time" for patients

　　科学家说，一种一次性的抗疟药直肠栓剂可以为患有恶性疟疾的患者争取至关重要的时间。这些患者可能无法容易地获得医疗。他们的研究发表在了上周（3月28日）出版的《生物医学中心·传染病》杂志上。

　　A one-off dose of an antimalarial drug in a rectal suppositorycanbuy crucial time for patients with severe malaria who can"teasilyaccess healthcare, say researchers.Their study was publishedin thejournal BioMedCentral Infectious Diseases last week (28March).

　　目前世界卫生组织的指导方针包括了在转诊前使用栓剂治疗疟疾。但是三种抗疟药——青蒿素、青蒿琥酯和蒿甲醚——栓剂的有效性从未进行过比较。

　　Current WHO guidelines include pre-referral use ofsuppositoriesfor malaria treatment. But the three types ofantimalarialavailable in suppository form — artemisinin, artesunateandartemether — have never been compared for effectiveness.

　　这组科学家从共有1167名患者参与的15个抗疟药栓剂临床试验中汇集了数据。

　　The researchers pooled data from 15 trials ofantimalarialsuppositories on a total of 1,167 patients.

　　这些试验对各种栓剂在12和24小时后从患者血液中清除恶性疟原虫（Plasmodiumfalciparum）的能力进行了评估。24小时后疟原虫减少90%被认为是成功。

　　Suppositories were assessed for their ability to clear themalariasite Plasmodium falciparum from patients" blood after 12and 24hours, with a 90 per cent reduction in sites at 24 hoursbeingclassed as successful.

　　这组科学家还测试了使用一剂和多剂栓剂哪个更有效。他们也测试了必须的总剂量以及栓剂的安全性。

　　The researchers also tested whether single or multiple dosesweremore effective, the total dose necessary, and the safety ofthesuppositories.

　　他们发现青蒿素和青蒿琥酯是安全的，而且可以迅速清除疟原虫，它们的剂量越高效果越好。蒿甲醚缺乏用于得出可靠结论的信息。

　　They found that both artemisinin and artesunate were safeandcleared the site rapidly, with high doses more effective. Therewasnot enough information on artemether to drawreliableconclusions.

　　最初的高剂量是治疗成功的关键。该论文的作者之一、世界卫生组织在瑞士的热带病研究和培训特别项目的研究员MelbaGomes说：“重要的是获得足够的抗疟药活性浓度，从而迅速减少疟原虫，因为每一小时都非常关键。”

　　A high initial dose is key to the success of the treatment."It"simportant to get adequate concentrations of antimalarialactivityto reduce sites fast, because every hour counts," saysMelba Gomes,a researcher at the WHO Special Programme for Researchand Trainingin Tropical Diseases in Switzerland, and co-author ofthepaper.

　　她告诉本网站说：“最初的高剂量在24小时内足以降低疟原虫数量，而且事实上它比在头24小时内连续使用低剂量的同样的药物更方便。”

　　"An initial high single dose over 24 hours is enough toreducesite load and is in fact much easier than using lowersequentialdoses of the same drug during those first 24 hours," shetoldSciDev.Net.

　　她说：“关键在于，如果你尽早用药——而这些患者确实需要注射药物，但是在数小时内无法接受注射——那么这可能为你争取到一些时间，让你的孩子活着到达医院。”

　　"The idea is that if you give a drug early — and thesepatientsreally need an injectable drug but cannot get to one forseveralhours — then this might buy you the time to get your childalive tothe hospital," she says.

　　英国伦敦卫生学和热带医学院临床研究组的RonBehrens说：“该研究表明可以在早期提供有效而安全的疟疾疗法，它既可以由医务工作者提供，甚至也可以由母亲提供，而且可能导致疟疾死亡的减少。”

　　Ron Behrens, of the Clinical Research Unit at the UK-basedLondonSchool of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, says, ″The studyshowsthat effective and safe malaria treatment can be providedearly on,either by health workers or even mothers, and may lead toareduction in malaria deaths."

　　他还说：“这为世界卫生组织和国家疟疾控制项目对这类干预措施进行战略规划开了绿灯。”但是他也承认，供应这些药物的问题和成本仍然有待解决。

　　"This gives the green light for strategic planning forsuchinterventions by both the WHO and national malariacontrolprogrammes," he adds, but acknowledges that the problem andcost ofsupplying the drugs remains.

　　本文由独家提供。 (来源：人民网科技)