氮化硅(Si3N4)是氮(N)和硅(Si)的化合物l氮(N)来源于自然界大气中最多的氮气（占了大气总体积的78.16%l硅(Si)来源于地壳中，占了总重量的26.3%，硅是无机世界的主角l至今未发现自然界里存在这两种元素的化合物，必须在特殊条件下通过高温反应人工合成l氮化硅有多种相结构，主要有α -Si3N4 β- Si3N4
氮化硅(Si3N4)是一种强共价键化合物,基本结构单元为[SiN4] 四面体硅原子位于四面体的中心，四个氮原子分别位于四面体的四个顶点，然后以每三个四面体共用一个原子的形式，在三维空间形成连续而又坚固的网络结构。氮化硅的键能很高,在空气中能够形成氧化物保护膜。
氮化硅具有硬度大(HRA 91~93)强度高、热膨胀系数小、高温蠕变小抗氧化性能好(在空气中开始氧化的温度为 1300~1400℃)抗热腐蚀性、稳定性好,能耐大多数酸侵蚀,摩擦系数小等特点。
可用于制造燃气发动机的耐高温部件、化学工业中的耐腐蚀部件、半导体工业中的高温陶瓷轴承、高速切削工具、雷达天线罩、核反应堆的支撑、隔离件和裂变物质的载体等,在多种工业领域内获得了广泛应用。
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a compound of nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) l Nitrogen (N) comes from the largest amount of nitrogen in the natural atmosphere (accounting for 78.16% of the total volume of the atmosphere) l silicon (Si) comes from the crust, accounting for 26.3% of the total weight, silicon is the protagonist of the inorganic world l so far no compounds of these two elements have been found in nature. l silicon nitride must be synthesized artificially by high temperature reaction under special conditions with a variety of phase structures, mainly α-Si3N4β-Si3N4
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a strong covalent bond compound, the basic structural unit is [SiN4] tetrahedral silicon atom is located in the center of the tetrahedron, four nitrogen atoms are located in the four vertices of the tetrahedron, and then in the form of every three tetrahedron share one atom, forming a continuous and robust network structure in three-dimensional space. Silicon nitride has a high bond energy and can form an oxide protective film in the air.
Silicon nitride has the characteristics of high hardness (HRA 91~93), high strength, small thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature creep small oxidation resistance (the temperature of oxidation in the air is 1300~1400℃), thermal corrosion resistance, good stability, resistance to most acid erosion, small friction coefficient and so on.
It can be used in the manufacture of high-temperature components of gas engines, corrosion resistant components in the chemical industry, high-temperature ceramic bearings in the semiconductor industry, high-speed cutting tools, radar radome, nuclear reactor support, isolation parts and carriers of fissile material, etc., and has been widely used in a variety of industrial fields.
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